With the advent of Europeans in India, a struggle for independence dawned upon India and Its people. East India Company officially started dictating India with Regulating Act of 1773. India’s struggle for independence is known to masses and makes an important Chapter in the evolution of India as a free nation.
Good morning everyone, I am vivek ranjan sahoo of std. 10 and today I am going to describe the significant struggle movements that led India to Independence.
So let’s start ….
🙏 Namaskaar!
The ethos of our freedom struggle forms the foundation of modern India. Our visionary leaders brought together a diversity of world views to forge a common national spirit. They were committed to the cause of liberating Bharat Mata from oppressive foreign rule and securing the future of her children. Their thoughts and actions shaped the identity of India as a modern nation.
ESTABLISHMENT OF COMPANY RUPE IN INDIA
Vasco da Gama landed at Calicut in 1498 and marked the beginning of the European era in Indian history. By the 16th century, the Portuguese had established their colony in Goa. In the next century, India became a popular destination for a large number of European traders, adventurers and missionaries from England, Spain, France, Holland, etc.
EAST INDIA COMPANY
The history of the world has not witnessed a more amazing story than that of establishment of the British Empire in India. It was not the result of a deliberate effort but a series of episodes that Finally led to political dominance of India by the East India Company.
So let’s explore this variety of episodes that made India an independent nation.
CONTENTS
(Click on the topics to jump to that content)
1857 : Revolt of 1857
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1905 : Swadeshi Movement
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1916 : Home Rule League
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1919 : Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
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1921 : Non-Cooperation Movement
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1929 : The Lahore Session
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1930 : Civil Disobedience Movement
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1942 : Quit India Movement
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1947 : Independence of India
➥ Tribute to the Freedom Fighters
➥ Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
After the battle of Plassey in 1757, the British achieved political power in India. And their paramountcy was established during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie, who became the Governor- General in 1848.
The long struggle for freedom has it’s roots since after the end the Mughal rule in India. Many battles and conquest was conducted at that time such as Battle of Plassey (1757), Battle of Buxar (17564) etc. And after all the coming of Britishers led to a big problem for around 200 years. They emerged as trading companies and later cleverly grasped India under their hands.
MAJOR MOVEMENTS MADE FOR FREEDOM
People of India are the true patriots they won’t sit quite when their freedom is snatched from them. They started protesting and many revolutions were made. At last India got it’s independence after a long time.
So let us know what all steps have been taken to make the Britishers quit India.
REVOLT OF 1857
The Revolt of 1857 was the landmark in the history of India’s struggle for freedom. It started on May 10, 1857 with the mutiny of soldiers in Meerut Cantonment. The event was also called The Uprising, the Revolt of 1857 or the Sepoy Mutiny by the British. But Indian historians call it the First War of Independence as it was the first time that different sections of Indian society united and fought as one nation to throw off the shackles of foreign domination.
END OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY
Consequent to the failure of the Revolt of 1857 rebellion, one also saw the end of the East India Company's rule in India and many important changes took place in the British Government's policy towards India which sought to strengthen the British rule through winning over the Indian princes, the chiefs and the landlords. Queen Victoria's Proclamation of November 1, 1858 declared that thereafter India would be governed by and in the name of the British Monarch through a Secretary of State.
SWEDESHI MOVEMENT
When Lord Curzon, then Viceroy of India, announced the partition of Bengal in July 1905, The Swadeshi, Boycott and National Education were adopted as tools for achieving Swaraj by the radicals. Swadeshi movement was launched as a protest movement which also gave a lead to the boycott of foreign goods and used only Indian goods.
“Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!” – the slogan of Tilak gave impetus to the attainment of Swaraj meaning self-rule.
HOME RULE LEAGUE
In 1916, an Irish lady, Mrs. Annie Besant established the Home Rule League in Madras and Bal Gangadhar Tilak established it in Maharashtra. Purpose of the League was to attain self-government. The British government tried to crush the movement but the agitation continued.
JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE
On April 13, 1919, the people of Punjab gathered on the auspicious day of Baisakhi at Jallianwala Bagh near Golden Temple in Amritsar. General Dyer ordered the British armed forces to open fire at the hundreds of innocent, unarmed men, women and children. The massacre stunned the whole country. The government imposed martial law in Punjab. Under martial law, people were tortured, newspapers were banned and mails were censored.
NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
The Non-Cooperation Movement was pitched in under leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress from September 1920 to February 1922, marking a new awakening in the Indian Independence Movement. After a series of events including the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Gandhiji realized that there was no prospect of getting any fair treatment at the hands of British, so he planned to withdraw the nation's co-operation from the British Government, thus launching the Non-Cooperation Movement and thereby marring the administrative set up of the country. This movement was a great success as it got massive encouragement to millions of Indians. This movement almost shook the British authorities.
LAHORE SESSION (1929)
The seeds of a republican nation were sowed at the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress at the midnight of 31st December 1929. The session was held under the presidency of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru. Those present in the meeting took a pledge to mark January 26 as "Independence Day" in order to march towards realizing the dream of complete independence from the British. The Lahore Session paved way to the Civil Disobedience movement. It was decided that January 26, 1930 would be observed as the Purna Swaraj (complete Independence) Day. Many Indian political parties and Indian revolutionaries from all over the country united to observe the day with honour and pride.
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT
Salt is the basic requirement for every person. The British government had a monopoly on salt production.
So on March 12, 1930, Mahatma Gandhi began his epic Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi. That is how the march came to be known as Dandi March. He was accompanied by 78 supporters. They made salt from sea water and broke the law. Salt Satyagraha was an open challenge to the British and the Civil Disobedience spread all over the country.
QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT
In August 1942, Gandhiji started the 'Quit India Movement' and decided to launch a mass civil disobedience movement 'Do or Die' call to force the British to leave India. The movement was followed, nonetheless, by large-scale violence directed at railway stations, telegraph offices, government buildings, and other emblems and institutions of colonial rule. There were widespread acts of sabotage, and the government held Gandhi responsible for these acts of violence, suggesting that they were a deliberate act of Congress policy. However, all the prominent leaders were arrested, the Congress was banned and the police and army were brought out to suppress the movement.
TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE
At last, on June 3 1947, Viscount Louis Mountbatten declared they would leave India. Unfortunately, The Britishers left India by dividing the country in two parts. Pakistan was officially announced to be a separate nation and given an independent status on 14 August 1947. At midnight, on 15 August 1947, India was declared to be an independent nation by her first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
INDIA BEFORE AND AFTER INDEPENDENCE
The Indian Independence Act, 1947 was passed by the British Parliament in which the Indian Political parties agreed on the transfer of power from the British Government to the Independent Indian Government and to Partition India into two nations: India and Partition. This is how India was, before Independence and after independence.
NEWSPAPER CUTTINGS
This huge freedom was showed in many forms. These are some of the newspaper clippings to let the people around the world know that today India got its independence. This marked a get achievement in the history of India.
And now we are in a free nation where we have the right to equality, freedom, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights and the right against exploitation.
FREEDOM FIGHTERS
Freedom Fighters are the reason we live in a free country. There are many famous freedom fighters who fought for their motherland such as Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Rani Laxmi Bai, etc. Today’s Independent India was the aim of every Freedom Fighter. They will always be memorable for their patriotism and love for the country. We must honour their sacrifices and aim to live together harmony and peace ensuring social justice.
CONCLUSION
Almost a half-century after India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru made his famous 'tryst with destiny' speech to mark the birth of a free India, the country is making a break with the past; and much of the movement, ironically, is away from the path on which he had set India. Now, we have recently celebrated 74 years of our Independence, we pay our tributes to all those people, who had laid down their lives in an attempt to liberate India from the clutches of British imperialism.
I hope you have well understood the struggles behind this huge success.
At last, but not the least, according to CHANDRA SHEKHAR AZAD
"Don't see others doing better than you, beat your own records every day, Because success is a fight between you and yourself"
With this beautiful thought, I conclude this presentation.
THANK YOU
Stay Home, Stay Safe
Jai Hind
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सर्वे भवन्तु सुखिनः, सर्वे सन्तु निरामयाः। सर्वे भद्राणि पश्यन्तु, मा कश्चिद् दु:खभाग् भवेत्॥
It means:
May all be happy,
May all be free from illness,
May all see what is auspicious,
May no one come to grief.
The message of this prayer for universal well-being is India's unique gift to humanity.
🌐 Source : https://knowindia.gov.in/independence-day-celebration/president-speech.php
Thank you
Jai Hind! 🇮🇳
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